An Updated Estimate of the Indonesian Throughflow Geostrophic Transport: Interannual Variability and Salinity Effect

While the pivotal role of Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) in global ocean circulation and climate has been widely recognized, accurate estimation its volume transport based on observational data remains challenging. This work provides an updated estimate monthly ITF geostrophic (ITFG) upper 700 m at IX1 section between Indonesia Australia. The ITFG is better constrained by improved correction new salinity products. mean 1993–2018 8.2 ± 0.2 Sv, which contributions temperature components (ITFT ITFS) are 5.5 2.8 0.1 respectively. interannual variability (∼4.4 Sv standard deviation) dominated ITFT, as result wind-driven thermocline dynamics, slightly attenuated amplitude ITFS. strengthening trend 1.33 decade−1 during primarily arises from ITFS secondarily ITFT.